The navigation and filter capabilities are discussed in the next paragraphs. FRoGs was implemented as a visualisation tool allowing free exploration. As another example Figure 6 shows the visualisation of the confidence with a value of 5%. In Figure 2 we can see in the bottom-right side a Confidence of 100% and complete black circle. 4) Displaying the Confidence: The confidence is displayed outside of the circle as a percentage accompanied by a pie chart visualizing this percentage. ![]() In the rejected alternatives section III-E2, it is discussed why only grey, purple and blue variations are present in this default color scheme. Stakeholder perspectives are nominal data and we used a qualitative color scale that does not imply order. The stakeholder perspectives colors could be changed by users but default colors are provided. Figure 2 shows how the Manual feature has the Customer color and that the Customer sector has bigger radius. The f c node has the color of the stakeholder perspective it belongs to, and also, this circular sector has a slightly bigger radius. 3) Stakeholder Perspectives: Each stakeholder perspective has an associated color that is used in the circular sectors of the FRoG. Undefined relations do not contain any symbol inside the f i node. If it is neither a formalized nor inferred constraint, we will refer to it as an undefined relation independently of the zone where the f i is placed. The triangle metaphor contrasts with the circle and it has the connotation of an arrowhead representing the existence of a rule of inference. We use the triangle to differentiate it from the circle of the formalized constraints. Figure 2 shows an example of it in the DriveByWire node. An inferred constraint, as explained before, is a constraint that is not formalized in the FM but that exists because of logical rules. We use the grey color in the figures but it will be the color of the different constraints and, in any case, grey color. In this legend, the “Relation types” category shows the notation for other types of feature relations apart from the Formalized relation. ![]() Figure 2 shows the FRoG legend at the right side of the image. This could alert the user about a general violation of the formalized soft constraint. Notice that, if we have formalized soft constraints, it could happen that the mining process on EC may situate f i in a FRoG zone that does not correspond to the defined soft constraint. For example, M anual ⇒ ¬ Automatic is an already formalized constraint and Figure 2 shows this notation on the Automatic node with the red color as it is an Excludes constraint. In the FRoG visualisation, for these already formalized constraints we add a circle in the node of f i with the color of the corresponding constraint’s type as shown in Figure 4. However, some of them (or all in an optimistic case) are normally already defined in the FM. ![]() 2) Formalized and non formalized constraints: A FRoG displays the mined constraints by analysing the EC. On the contrary, one feature f i that has not a hard constraint could “move” between the Encourages, Independent and Discourages zone over time because of the addition of new configurations. For example, a feature f i with a formalized excludes hard constraint cannot appear in the discourages zone because otherwise it was not a hard constraint. The fade from the Encourages and Discourages zones is very small in size and it is aimed only to create a visual effect that these boundaries are not as restrictive as the hard constraints boundaries represented with a black line. The size of the Requires and Excludes zones fits exactly with the size of a f i node while the other zone sizes depend on the percentage defined in the enc threshold and dis threshold. In addition, as it happens with the traffic lights metaphor shared by most of the cultural contexts, the red color for the Excludes zone has a connotation of interdiction while the green of the Requires zone has a connotation of being positive. This is respected in FRoGs taking into account that the distance from f c to the Requires zone is lower than the higher distance to the Excludes zone. Colder colors are perceived to be lower than warmer colors as in the case of heat maps. The color scheme used in FRoG’s zones can be seen as a diverging color scheme given that it illustrates the progression from a central point.
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